Bed plates, also known as base plates or sole plates, are large, flat plates that serve as the foundation or mounting surface for machinery and equipment. They provide a stable and rigid platform for the installation of heavy-duty machinery, engines, and other industrial equipment.

Ladder frames, often referred to as chassis frames or simply frames, are structural frameworks resembling the shape of a ladder. They provide the main structural support for various vehicles, including trucks, buses, and some types of automobiles. The ladder frame serves as the backbone of the vehicle, supporting the engine, suspension, and body components.